Map of Europe, 1500 AD

The map above shows the patchwork of kingdoms, principalities, bishoprics, duchies, republics, cities, sultanates, etc. in and around Europe in 1500 CE/AD.

Some countries such as France and England are easily recognisable and largely occupy the same areas as their modern incarnations.

Other such as Hungary, Lithuania, Sweden and the Papal States are also recognisable although with borders far larger than their modern equivalents.

Yet the vast majority of countries have passed into history from the Ottoman and north African Sultanates to the myriad of countries in Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, Livonian Confederation and Irish Kingdoms.

It’s a reminder that Europe’s borders are constantly evolving. Today’s borders are largely a product of the end of World World 2 and the Cold War.

Yetkinler has this to say about his map:

This is a map of Europe in the year 1500, created for the subreddit /r/empirepowers. Not all states on the map could be labelled, because then the Holy Roman Empire (outlined in red) would be a mess.

See below for a full list of states or visit this Google Doc.