The Locations Of Nazi Germany’s Concentration & Death Camps

Map created by maven.mappingand the.world.in.mapsPlease note: The map does not promote any political systems. It is for educational purposes only.

The map above shows the locations of Nazi Germany’s concentration & death camps between 1941 and 1944.

From the maps author:

The map shows key German concentration and death camps from 1941 to 1944, marked with red and black squares. It covers Nazi Germany and occupied territories, including present-day Poland and Austria.

Major camps like Auschwitz (1940), Dachau (1933), Treblinka (1942), and Bergen-Belsen (1940) are labeled with their founding years. The map highlights the scale of the Nazi camp system during World War II.

During the Holocaust’s Final Solution, Nazi Germany established six extermination camps to carry out the systematic genocide of the Jews in territories under its control.

All of these camps were situated in the General Government area of occupied Poland—except for Chelmno, which was located in the Reichsgau Wartheland area of German-occupied Poland to better hide their crimes.

Here is a list of the death camp locations.

1. Chelmno (December 1941 – July 1944). A minimum, 152,000 people were murdered in the camp. Located near Chełmno nad Nerem (German: Kulmhof), 48 km (30 mi) northwest of the city of Łódź.
2. Belzec (March 1942 – June 1943). Between 430,000 and 500,000 Jews are believed to have been murdered by the SS at Bełżec. Located near the village of Bełżec, approximately 114 km (71 mi) southeast of Lublin.
3. Sobibor (May 1942 – November 1943). In total, some 170,000 to 250,000 people were murdered at Sobibor. Located near the village of Sobibór, approximately 80 km (50 mi) east of Lublin.
4. Treblinka (July 1942 – September 1943). It is estimated that between 700,000 and 900,000 Jews were murdered in its gas chambers, along with 2,000 Romani people. Located near the village of Treblinka, approximately 80 kilometres (50 miles) northeast of Warsaw.
5. Majdanek (October 1942 – July 1944). Some 60,000 Jews (56,000 known by name) were most certainly killed at Majdanek, amongst its almost 80,000 counted victims. Located just outside the city of Lublin.
6. Auschwitz-Birkenau (February 1942 – November 1944). Of the 1.3 million people sent to Auschwitz, 1.1 million were murdered. Located near the town of Oświęcim (German: Auschwitz), 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Kraków.

Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany ran over a thousand concentration camps (German: Konzentrationslager), including numerous subcamps both within its own borders and throughout occupied parts of Europe. You can find a full list here.

Here are some of the ones in modern day Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, and Poland:

Germany

• Bergen-Belsen (probably 2 sub-camps but location is unknown)
• Börgermoor (no sub-camp known)
• Buchenwald ( 174 sub-camps and external kommandos)
• Dachau (123 sub-camps and external kommandos)
• Dieburg (no sub-camp known)
• Esterwegen (1 sub-camp)
• Flossenburg (94 sub-camps and external kommandos)
• Gundelsheim (no sub-camp known)
• Neuengamme (96 sub-camps and external kommandos)
• Papenburg (no sub-camp known)
• Ravensbruck (31 sub-camps and external kommandos)
• Sachsenhausen (44 sub-camps and external kommandos)
• Sachsenburg (no sub-camp known)

Austria

• Mauthausen (49 sub-camps and external kommandos)

Czech Republic

• Theresienstadt (9 sub-camps)

Poland

• Auschwitz/Birkenau – Oswiecim-Brzezinka (extermination camp – 51 sub-camps)
• Belzec (extermination camp – 1 sub-camp)
• Bierznow
• Biesiadka
• Dzierzazna & Litzmannstadt (These two camps were “Jugenverwahrlage”, children camps. Hundreds of children and teenagers considered as not good enough to be “Germanized” were transfered to these places)
• Gross-Rosen – Rogoznica (77 sub-camps)
• Huta-Komarowska
• Janowska
• Krakow
• Kulmhof – Chelmno (extermination camp – no sub-camp known)
• Lublin (prison – no sub-camp known)
• Lwow (Lemberg)
• Czwartaki
• Lemberg
• Majdanek (extermination camp – 3 sub-camps)
• Mielec
• Pawiak (prison – no sub-camp known)
• Plaszow (work camp but became later sub-camp of Majdanek)
• Poniatowa
• Pustkow (work camp – no sub-camp known)
• Radogosz (prison – no sub-camp known)
• Radom
• Schmolz
• Schokken
• Sobibor (extermination camp – no sub-camp known)
• Stutthof – Sztutowo (40 sub-camps and external kommandos)
• Treblinka (extermination camp – no sub-camp known)
• Wieliczka
• Zabiwoko (work camp – no sub-camp known)
• Zakopane

What was the difference between a concertation camp and a death camp?

Concentration camps were primarily designed as detention centers where prisoners—including political opponents, Jews, and other groups—were held under brutal conditions, often forced to perform hard labor.

In contrast, death camps (or extermination camps) were built specifically for the systematic mass murder of prisoners, using methods like gas chambers to kill large numbers of people quickly and efficiently.

Concentration Camps:

• Purpose: Originally, these camps were established to detain and isolate groups deemed undesirable by the Nazi regime—such as political prisoners, Jews, Romani people, homosexuals, and others. The primary function was to suppress dissent and to force these prisoners into labor under brutal conditions.
• Conditions: Prisoners in concentration camps often faced overcrowding, inadequate food, harsh discipline, and inhumane living conditions. Many died as a result of starvation, disease, physical abuse, or forced labor.
• Evolution: While these camps were not primarily built for mass extermination, the harsh conditions often led to high mortality rates. Additionally, as the war progressed, some concentration camps were expanded or repurposed to include killing facilities.

Death Camps (Extermination Camps):

• Purpose: These were designed explicitly for the systematic mass murder of specific groups, most notably the Jews, as part of the Nazis’ “Final Solution.” Their primary goal was to eliminate large populations as efficiently as possible.
• Infrastructure: Death camps were equipped with specialized facilities for mass killing, such as gas chambers and crematoria. The layout and design of these camps were intended to maximize the speed and scale of the extermination process.
• Operation: Unlike concentration camps, where death often resulted from brutal conditions and neglect, death camps focused on killing as the primary function. For example, camps like Treblinka, Sobibor, and Chelmno had the sole purpose of extermination, while camps like Auschwitz-Birkenau served as both concentration and extermination centers, with sections dedicated to mass killing.

Key Differences:

• Intention: Concentration camps were initially about containment, control, and exploitation of labor. Death camps, on the other hand, were built for deliberate, industrialized murder.
• Design and Facilities: Death camps had specialized murder installations (gas chambers, crematoria) whereas concentration camps were not originally designed with these features in mind.
• Outcome: While both types of camps resulted in immense suffering and loss of life, death camps were characterized by their efficiency in killing large numbers of people in a short period, reflecting the Nazis’ systematic approach to genocide.

Additional Resources:

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• Holocaust Educational Trust
• The Holocaust Explained
• List of Holocaust Museums and Memorials