Theis series of maps was created by Wikimedia user Nederlandse Leeuw and tracks the changes in the number of Monarchies vs Republics in Europe over a period of 300 years.
Here are the maps:
1714
Monarchies, republics and ecclesiastical lands in Europe in 1714.
🔴 – Monarchies
🔵 – Republics
🟢 – Ecclesiastical lands
🟣 – Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Free Imperial Cities are counted as republics.
Ecclesiastical lands mainly consist of prince-bishoprics in the Holy Roman Empire and the Papal States in central Italy.
Because the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a mixture between an elective monarchy and a republic, and often called and categorised as both, it is rendered in purple.
1789
Monarchies, republics and ecclesiastical lands in Europe on the eve of the French Revolution in 1789.
🔴 – Monarchies
🔵 – Republics
🟢 – Ecclesiastical lands
🟣 – Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Free Imperial Cities are counted as republics. Ecclesiastical lands mainly consist of prince-bishoprics in the Holy Roman Empire and the Papal States in central Italy.
Because the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a mixture between an elective monarchy and a republic, and often called and categorised as both, it is rendered in purple.
1799
Monarchies, republics and ecclesiastical lands in Europe near the end of the French Revolution.
On 21 January 1799, the proclamation of the Parthenopean Republic marked the peak of the period of sister republics – states founded on territories conquered by French and local revolutionary armies between 1795 and 1799 that were modeled after and loyal to the French First Republic.
These were located in the Low Countries, the German Rhineland, Switzerland and Italy.
🔴 – Monarchies
🔵 – Republics
🟢 – Ecclesiastical lands
Free Imperial Cities are counted as republics. Ecclesiastical lands mainly consist of prince-bishoprics in the Holy Roman Empire.
1815
Monarchies and republics in Europe on 8 July 1815 (Second restauration of Louis XVIII of France after Napoleon’s Hundred Days)
🔴 – Monarchies: 55
🔵 – Republics: 9
The Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire are counted amongst Europe.
Counted as republics are the Swiss Confederation, the Free Cities of Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck and Frankfurt, the Most Serene Republic of San Marino, the Republic of Cospaia, the Septinsular Republic and the German Confederation; however, member states of the German Confederation are also separately counted (35 monarchies).
1914
Monarchies and republics in Europe on 28 June 1914 (Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria), on the eve of the First World War.
🔴 – Monarchies: 22
🔵 – Republics: 4
The Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire are counted amongst Europe.
1930
Monarchies and republics in Europe in 1930.
🔴 – Monarchies: 20
🔵 – Republics: 15
The Republic of Turkey is counted amongst Europe, the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics as a single republic, the Irish Free State as an independent monarchy (see also Irish head of state from 1936 to 1949), Vatican City as an elective monarchy, the Kingdom of Hungary as a nominal monarchy.
1950
Monarchies and republics in Europe in 1950.
🔴 – Monarchies: 13
🔵 – Republics: 21
The Republic of Turkey is counted amongst Europe, the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics as a single republic, the Free Territory of Trieste as an independent republic, Vatican City as an elective monarchy, the Spanish State as a nominal monarchy.
2015
Monarchies and republics in Europe in 2015
🔴 – Monarchies: 12
🔵 – Republics: 35
The Republic of Turkey is counted amongst Europe, the Russian Federation as a single republic, the Republic of Kosovo (recognised by most other European states) as an independent republic, Vatican City as an elective monarchy.
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (recognised only by Turkey) and all other unrecognised states are excluded from the count.
and finally a direct comparison from Map Snacks:
and finally a map looking at the World just before 1914:
Why do you think Europe has moved away from Monarchy to Republics over the last 300 years?
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