When Has Egypt Actually Been Ruled by Egyptians?

Created by reddit user CharlesOberonn

The map above clearly shows when Egypt has and hasn’t been ruled by Egyptians. Overall, it’s been ruled by Egyptians for 2,194 years (42.8% of the time) and non-Egyptians for 2,930 years (57.2%) of the time.

The time line looks as follows:

(Egyptian)

(non-Egyptian)

• c.3100 BC – c.2180 BC Old Kingdom (Egyptian)
• c.2180 BC – c.2055 BC 1st Intermediate Period (Egyptian)
• c.2055 BC – c.1650 BC Middle Kingdom (Egyptian)
• c.1650 BC – c.1550 BC Hyksos Period (non-Egyptian)
• c.1550 BC – 1077 BC New Kingdom (Egyptian)
• 1077 BC – 663 BC 3rd Intermediate Period (non-Egyptian)
• 663 BC – 525 BC Late Ancient Period (Egyptian)
• 525 BC – 404 BC First Achaemenid Period (non-Egyptian)
• 404 BC – 343 BC 28th-30th Dynasties (Egyptian)
• 343 BC – 332 BC Second Achaemenid Period (non-Egyptian)
• 332 BC – 30 BC Hellenistic Period (non-Egyptian)
• 30 BC – 641 Roman Period (non-Egyptian)
• 641 – 658 Early Islamic Period (non-Egyptian)
• 658 – 750 Umayyad Period (non-Egyptian)
• 750 – 868 First Abbasid Period (non-Egyptian)
• 868 – 905 Tulunid Period (non-Egyptian)
• 905 – 935 Second Abbasid Period (non-Egyptian)
• 935 – 969 Ikhshidid Period (non-Egyptian)
• 969 – 1174 Fatimid Period (non-Egyptian)
• 1174 – 1250 Ayyubid Period (non-Egyptian)
• 1250 – 1517 Mamluk Period (non-Egyptian)
• 1517 – 1798 Ottoman Province (non-Egyptian)
• 1798 – 1801 French Occupation (non-Egyptian)
• 1801 – 1882 Muhammad Ali Dynasty (non-Egyptian)
• 1882 – 1952 British Protectorate (non-Egyptian)
• 1952 – Present Republican Egypt (Egyptian)

Want to learn more about Egyptian history? Then Have a look at the following books:

• The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
• A History of Egypt: From Earliest Times to the Present
• National Geographic Atlas of Ancient Egypt

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